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EQUINE INLUENZA - SOME THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW

Sporadic outbreaks of Equine Influenza have started all over the country. At the moment many cases have been reported in  Delhi , Meerut , Saharanpur , Jaipur , Hisar and Pune.

The outbreak has affected the current equestrian calendar. Here are some facts you need to know as an owner , trainer or rider.

What is it?

Equine influenza is one of the most common respiratory disease in horses, caused due to a virus. It is highly contagious (spreads rapidly) by the aerosol route (i.e., through air after sneezing, coughing) and fomites of horses / handlers ( in animate objects like clothing , equipment line gear etc).

Is it curable?

No.

Is it communicable to humans?

No.

Is it fatal?

Yes when secondary complications set in especially in young ( 1 year).Weak animals are susceptible.

How long does it last?

Complete course may long 8- 10 days.

Has it long lasting effects?

If the horses are rested completely while sick – No long lasting effects. However, an course of antibiotics and supportive therapy, in consultation with the veterinary doctor, is recommended to prevent any secondary infection.

In horses who continue to be exercised during course of disease, following may be possible as long lasting effects:-

• Chronic respiratory disease ( Asthma )
• Persistent Cough
• General susceptibility to respiratory infections
• Reduced stamina

What happens to the horse?

• Will get fever – particularly high fever for 48 -72 hrs  upto 105º F
• Will have dry , hacking cough
• Will have watery nasal discharge in beginning turning to mucous
• May have lack of appetite
• Complete course of the disease may long for upto 15 days

What treatment is given?

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->If fever is high – and on advise of a veterinary doctor medicines for bringing it down. Cough electuaries.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->Sponging head and neck with cool water.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->Horse removed from direct sun and cold wind.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->Good stable hygiene – do not allow dust in stables or dusty hay to be fed. Preferably soak hay before feeding.

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->Good ventilation – clean air

<!--[if !supportLists]-->·         <!--[endif]-->Feed hay or feed close to ground rather than in chest high feeding mangers – it helps the horse to clear his nostrils and air passages.

Can it happen again to the horse?

• A horse can get flu many times during his life.
• Horses that get infected once usually don't get it again for 1-1½ years.

When can a horse come back to work?

Horses with severe respiratory infection should not be worked for at least 3 weeks after healing (complete recovery from symptoms as above). As a rough guideline for every day fever , a week’s rest.

Is there a vaccine?

Yes, but not made and not available in India. Research has shown that vaccines do not guarantee protection but can reduce the degree of illness.

What can we do to prevent this?

• Horse owners, workers and veterinarians should always be conscious of the danger of transmission of EI or other contagious diseases by passive transfer on objects such as clothing, equipment, horse trailers or unwashed hands.
• The EI virus particle is easily killed by soap or common disinfectants, but it can survive for hours or days in the environment and even longer if kept cool and moist.
• Prompt diagnosis of equine respiratory diseases by testing of nasal swabs is essential if outbreaks are to be controlled or, even better, avoided.

• Effective quarantine is the best prevention against